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Empirical Inference Conference Paper A data and task-constrained mechanistic model of the mouse outer retina shows robustness to contrast variations Kadhim, K. L., Beck, J., Huang, Z., Macke, J. H., Rieke, F., Euler, T., Deistler, M., Berens, P. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 38 (NeurIPS 2025), 38:98843-98863, (Editors: D. Belgrave and C. Zhang and H. Lin and R. Pascanu and P. Koniusz and M. Ghassemi and N. Chen), Curran Associates, Inc., 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, December 2025 (Published) bioRxiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Are Language Models Efficient Reasoners? A Perspective from Logic Programming Opedal, A., Zengaffinen, Y., Shirakami, H., Pasti, C., Sachan, M., Saparov, A., Cotterell, R., Schölkopf, B. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 38 (NeurIPS 2025), 38:68388-68424, (Editors: D. Belgrave and C. Zhang and H. Lin and R. Pascanu and P. Koniusz and M. Ghassemi and N. Chen), Curran Associates, Inc., 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, December 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Autoformalizing Natural Language to First-Order Logic: A Case Study in Logical Fallacy Detection Lalwani*, A., Kim*, T., Chopra, L., Hahn, C., Jin, Z., Sachan, M. Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing and the 4th Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 132-147, (Editors: Kentaro Inui, Sakriani Sakti, Haofen Wang, Derek F. Wong, Pushpak Bhattacharyya, Biplab Banerjee, Asif Ekbal, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Dhirendra Pratap Singh), The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing and The Association for Computational Linguistics, IJCNLP & AACL, December 2025, *equal contribution (Published) DOI URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper CauSciBench: Assessing LLM Causal Reasoning for Scientific Research Acharya, S., Zhang, T. J., Kim, A., Haghighat, A., Sun, X., Shrestha, R. B., Mordig, M., Danisman, F., Jose, C., Qi, Y., et al. NeurIPS 2025: 5th Workshop on Mathematical Reasoning and AI (Math-AI) and CauScien Workshop, December 2025 (Published) URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Counterfactual reasoning: an analysis of in-context emergence Miller, M., Schölkopf, B., Guo, S. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 38 (NeurIPS 2025), 38:87510-87544, (Editors: D. Belgrave and C. Zhang and H. Lin and R. Pascanu and P. Koniusz and M. Ghassemi and N. Chen), Curran Associates, Inc., 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, December 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Cultural Alien Sampler: Open-ended art generation balancing originality and coherence Hernandez, A., Yakura, H., Brinkmann, L., Sola, M. C., Alhaija, H. A., Serna, I., Rahaman, N., Schölkopf, B., Rahwan, I. 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Creative AI Track: Humanity, December 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Do-PFN: In-Context Learning for Causal Effect Estimation Robertson*, J., Reuter*, A., Guo, S., Hollmann, N., Hutter, F., Schölkopf, B. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 38 (NeurIPS 2025), 38:174811-174848, (Editors: D. Belgrave and C. Zhang and H. Lin and R. Pascanu and P. Koniusz and M. Ghassemi and N. Chen), Curran Associates, Inc., 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, December 2025, *equal contribution (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Effortless, Simulation-Efficient Bayesian Inference using Tabular Foundation Models Vetter, J., Gloeckler, M., Gedon, D., Macke, J. H. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 38 (NeurIPS 2025), 38:82685-82724, (Editors: D. Belgrave and C. Zhang and H. Lin and R. Pascanu and P. Koniusz and M. Ghassemi and N. Chen), Curran Associates, Inc., 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, December 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper FNOPE: Simulation-based inference on function spaces with Fourier Neural Operators Moss, G., Muhle, L. S., Drews, R., Macke, J. H., Schröder, C. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 38 (NeurIPS 2025), 38:61006-61042, (Editors: D. Belgrave and C. Zhang and H. Lin and R. Pascanu and P. Koniusz and M. Ghassemi and N. Chen), Curran Associates, Inc., 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, December 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Forecasting in Offline Reinforcement Learning for Non-stationary Environments Ada, S. E., Martius, G., Ugur, E., Oztop, E. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 38 (NeurIPS 2025), 38:8002-8024, (Editors: D. Belgrave and C. Zhang and H. Lin and R. Pascanu and P. Koniusz and M. Ghassemi and N. Chen), Curran Associates, Inc., 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, December 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Identifying multi-compartment Hodgkin-Huxley models with high-density extracellular voltage recordings Tanoh, I. C., Deistler, M., Macke, J. H., Linderman, S. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 38 (NeurIPS 2025), 38:98995-99037, (Editors: D. Belgrave and C. Zhang and H. Lin and R. Pascanu and P. Koniusz and M. Ghassemi and N. Chen), Curran Associates, Inc., 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, December 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Quriosity: Analyzing Human Questioning Behavior and Causal Inquiry through Curiosity-Driven Queries Ceraolo*, R., Kharlapenko*, D., Khan*, A., Reymond, A., Mihalcea, R., Schölkopf, B., Sachan, M., Jin, Z. Proceedings of the 14th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing and the 4th Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 534-563, (Editors: Kentaro Inui, Sakriani Sakti, Haofen Wang, Derek F. Wong, Pushpak Bhattacharyya, Biplab Banerjee, Asif Ekbal, Tanmoy Chakraborty, Dhirendra Pratap Singh), The Asian Federation of Natural Language Processing and The Association for Computational Linguistics, IJCNLP & AACL, December 2025, *equal contribution (Published) DOI URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Reparameterized LLM Training via Orthogonal Equivalence Transformation Qiu, Z., Buchholz, S., Xiao, T., Dax, M., Schölkopf, B., Liu, W. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 38 (NeurIPS 2025), 38:140775-140821, (Editors: D. Belgrave and C. Zhang and H. Lin and R. Pascanu and P. Koniusz and M. Ghassemi and N. Chen), Curran Associates, Inc., 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, December 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Root Cause Analysis of Outliers with Missing Structural Knowledge Orchard, W. R., Okati, N., Garrido Mejia, S., Blöbaum, P., Janzing, D. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 38 (NeurIPS 2025), 38:161634-161671, (Editors: D. Belgrave and C. Zhang and H. Lin and R. Pascanu and P. Koniusz and M. Ghassemi and N. Chen), Curran Associates, Inc., 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, December 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper SPARTAN: A Sparse Transformer World Model Attending to What Matters Lei, A., Schölkopf, B., Posner, I. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 38 (NeurIPS 2025), 38:154089-154114, (Editors: D. Belgrave and C. Zhang and H. Lin and R. Pascanu and P. Koniusz and M. Ghassemi and N. Chen), Curran Associates, Inc., 39th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, December 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Agent-to-Agent Theory of Mind: Testing Interlocutor Awareness among Large Language Models Choi*, Y., Li*, C., Yang, Y., Jin, Z. Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 28895-28928, (Editors: Christodoulopoulos, Christos and Chakraborty, Tanmoy and Rose, Carolyn and Peng, Violet), Association for Computational Linguistics, EMNLP, November 2025, *equal contribution (Published) DOI URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Are Language Models Consequentialist or Deontological Moral Reasoners? Samway, K., Kleiman-Weiner, M., Guzman Piedrahita, D., Mihalcea, R., Schölkopf, B., Jin, Z. Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 30699-30726, (Editors: Christodoulopoulos, Christos and Chakraborty, Tanmoy and Rose, Carolyn and Peng, Violet), Association for Computational Linguistics, EMNLP, November 2025 (Published) DOI URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Improving Large Language Model Safety with Contrastive Representation Learning Simko, S., Sachan, M., Schölkopf, B., Jin, Z. Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 28166-28194, (Editors: Christodoulopoulos, Christos and Chakraborty, Tanmoy and Rose, Carolyn and Peng, Violet), Association for Computational Linguistics, November 2025 (Published) arXiv DOI URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Orthogonal Finetuning Made Scalable Qiu*, Z., Liu*, W., Weller, A., Schölkopf, B. Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 31946-31963, (Editors: Christodoulopoulos, Christos and Chakraborty, Tanmoy and Rose, Carolyn and Peng, Violet), Association for Computational Linguistics, EMNLP, November 2025, *equal contribution (Published) DOI URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Article In silico biological discovery with large perturbation models Miladinovic*, D., Höppe*, T., Chevalley, M., Georgiou, A., Stuart, L., Mehrjou, A., Bantscheff, M., Schölkopf, B., Schwab, P. Nature Computational Science, October 2025, *equal contribution (Published) DOI URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Corrupted by reasoning: Reasoning language models become free-riders in public goods games Guzman Piedrahita, D., Yang, Y., Sachan, M., Ramponi, G., Schölkopf, B., Jin, Z. Second Conference on Language Modeling (COLM 2025), October 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Haptic Intelligence Autonomous Learning Empirical Inference Conference Paper Adding Internal Audio Sensing to Internal Vision Enables Human-Like In-Hand Fabric Recognition with Soft Robotic Fingertips Andrussow, I., Solano, J., Richardson, B. A., Martius, G., Kuchenbecker, K. J. In Proceedings of the IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids), 373-380, Seoul, South Korea, September 2025 (Published) DOI BibTeX
Social Foundations of Computation Algorithms and Society Article Performative Prediction: Past and Future Hardt, M., Mendler-Dünner, C. Statistical Science, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, August 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Active Fine-Tuning of Multi-Task Policies Bagatella, M., Hübotter, J., Martius, G., Krause, A. In Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 267:2409-2441, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Singh, Aarti and Fazel, Maryam and Hsu, Daniel and Lacoste-Julien, Simon and Berkenkamp, Felix and Maharaj, Tegan and Wagstaff, Kiri and Zhu, Jerry), PMLR, International Conference on Machine Learning, July 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Avoiding spurious sharpness minimization broadens applicability of SAM Singh, S. P., Mobahi, H., Agarwala, A., Dauphin, Y. Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 267:55702-55719, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Singh, Aarti and Fazel, Maryam and Hsu, Daniel and Lacoste-Julien, Simon and Berkenkamp, Felix and Maharaj, Tegan and Wagstaff, Kiri and Zhu, Jerry), PMLR, International Conference on Machine Learning, July 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Deep Models and Optimization Conference Paper Generalized Interpolating Discrete Diffusion von Rütte, D., Fluri, J., Ding, Y., Orvieto, A., Schölkopf, B., Hofmann, T. Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 267:61810-61843, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Singh, Aarti and Fazel, Maryam and Hsu, Daniel and Lacoste-Julien, Simon and Berkenkamp, Felix and Maharaj, Tegan and Wagstaff, Kiri and Zhu, Jerry), PMLR, International Conference on Machine Learning, July 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Generative Intervention Models for Causal Perturbation Modeling Schneider, N., Lorch, L., Kilbertus, N., Schölkopf, B., Krause, A. Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 267:53388-53412, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Singh, Aarti and Fazel, Maryam and Hsu, Daniel and Lacoste-Julien, Simon and Berkenkamp, Felix and Maharaj, Tegan and Wagstaff, Kiri and Zhu, Jerry), PMLR, International Conference on Machine Learning, July 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Learning Joint Interventional Effects from Single-Variable Interventions in Additive Models Kekić, A., Garrido Mejia, S., Schölkopf, B. Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 267:29651-29669, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Singh, Aarti and Fazel, Maryam and Hsu, Daniel and Lacoste-Julien, Simon and Berkenkamp, Felix and Maharaj, Tegan and Wagstaff, Kiri and Zhu, Jerry), PMLR, International Conference on Machine Learning, July 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Position: Probabilistic Modelling is Sufficient for Causal Inference Mlodozeniec, B. K., Krueger, D., Turner, R. E. Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 267:81810-81840, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Singh, Aarti and Fazel, Maryam and Hsu, Daniel and Lacoste-Julien, Simon and Berkenkamp, Felix and Maharaj, Tegan and Wagstaff, Kiri and Zhu, Jerry), PMLR, International Conference on Machine Learning, July 2025 (Published) URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Ph.D. Thesis Probabilistic Machine Learning for Real-Time Gravitational-Wave Inference Dax, M. Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, July 2025, (MPI IS + ELLIS Institute T{\"u}bingen) (Published) BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Progressive Tempering Sampler with Diffusion Rissanen*, S., OuYang*, R., He*, J., Chen, W., Heinonen, M., Solin, A., Hernández-Lobato, J. M. Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 267:51724-51746, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Singh, Aarti and Fazel, Maryam and Hsu, Daniel and Lacoste-Julien, Simon and Berkenkamp, Felix and Maharaj, Tegan and Wagstaff, Kiri and Zhu, Jerry), PMLR, International Conference on Machine Learning, July 2025, *equal contribution (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Autonomous Learning Conference Paper SENSEI: Semantic Exploration Guided by Foundation Models to Learn Versatile World Models Sancaktar, C., Gumbsch, C., Zadaianchuk, A., Kolev, P., Martius, G. In Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 267:52745-52777, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Singh, Aarti and Fazel, Maryam and Hsu, Daniel and Lacoste-Julien, Simon and Berkenkamp, Felix and Maharaj, Tegan and Wagstaff, Kiri and Zhu, Jerry), International Conference on Machine Learning , July 2025 (Published) arXiv Project website URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Scalable Gaussian Processes with Latent Kronecker Structure Lin, J. A., Ament, A., Balandat, M., Eriksson, D., Hernández-Lobato, J. M., Bakshy, E. Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 267:37730-37744, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Singh, Aarti and Fazel, Maryam and Hsu, Daniel and Lacoste-Julien, Simon and Berkenkamp, Felix and Maharaj, Tegan and Wagstaff, Kiri and Zhu, Jerry), PMLR, International Conference on Machine Learning, July 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Autonomous Learning Empirical Inference Conference Paper Zero-Shot Offline Imitation Learning via Optimal Transport Rupf, T., Bagatella, M., Gürtler, N., Frey, J., Martius, G. In Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 267:52345-52381, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Singh, Aarti and Fazel, Maryam and Hsu, Daniel and Lacoste-Julien, Simon and Berkenkamp, Felix and Maharaj, Tegan and Wagstaff, Kiri and Zhu, Jerry), PMLR, International Conference on Machine Learning, July 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Ph.D. Thesis Bridging Deep Learning and Probabilistic Inference: Towards Data Efficiency, Identifiability, and Sampling Scalability Chen, W. University of Cambridge, UK, June 2025, (Cambridge-Tübingen-Fellowship) (Published) BibTeX
Empirical Inference Article Flow annealed importance sampling bootstrap meets differentiable particle physics Kofler, A., Stimper, V., Mikhasenko, M., Kagan, M., Heinrich, L. Machine Learning: Science and Technology, 6(2), IOP Publishing, June 2025 (Published) DOI URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Ph.D. Thesis Self-Supervised Structured Representation Learning From Interaction – Group Action And Objects Composition Keurti, H. ETH Zurich, Switzerland, June 2025, CLS Fellowship Program (Published) BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Temporally Consistent Object-Centric Learning by Contrasting Slots Manasyan, A., Seitzer, M., Radovic, F., Martius, G., Zadaianchuk, A. In IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 5401-5411, June 2025 (Published) DOI BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper VERA: Explainable Video Anomaly Detection via Verbalized Learning of Vision-Language Models Ye, M., Liu, W., He, P. In IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 8679-8688, June 2025 (Published) DOI BibTeX
Empirical Inference Perceiving Systems Conference Paper ChatHuman: Chatting about 3D Humans with Tools Lin, J., Feng, Y., Liu, W., Black, M. J. In IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 8150-8161, June 2025 (Published) project pdf Paper DOI BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Accuracy on the wrong line: On the pitfalls of noisy data for out-of-distribution generalisation Sanyal, A., Hu, Y., Yu, Y., Ma, Y., Wang, Y., Schölkopf, B. Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 258:2170-2178, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Li, Yingzhen and Mandt, Stephan and Agrawal, Shipra and Khan, Emtiyaz), PMLR, May 2025 (Published) URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Ph.D. Thesis Scalable Gaussian Processes: Advances in Iterative Methods and Pathwise Conditioning Lin, J. University of Cambridge, UK, May 2025, (Cambridge-T{\"u}bingen-Fellowship-Program) (Published) BibTeX
Empirical Inference Ph.D. Thesis The Geometry of Learning Via Loss Landscape Curvature Singh, S. P. ETH Zurich, Switzerland, May 2025, CLS Fellowship Program (Published) BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Training Neural Samplers with Reverse Diffusive KL Divergence He*, J., Chen*, W., Zhang*, M., Barber, D., Hernández-Lobato, J. M. Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 258:5167-5175, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Li, Yingzhen and Mandt, Stephan and Agrawal, Shipra and Khan, Emtiyaz), PMLR, May 2025, *equal contribution (Published) URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Your Finetuned Large Language Model is Already a Powerful Out-of-distribution Detector Zhang, A., Xiao, T. Z., Liu, W., Bamler, R., Wischik, D. Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 258:2701-2709, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Li, Yingzhen and Mandt, Stephan and Agrawal, Shipra and Khan, Emtiyaz), PMLR, May 2025 (Published) URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Autonomous Learning Conference Paper Advancing Out-of-Distribution Detection via Local Neuroplasticity Canevaro, A., Schmidt, J., Marvi, M. S., Yu, H., Martius, G., Jordan, J. The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), April 2025 (Published) arXiv BibTeX
Empirical Inference Perceiving Systems Conference Paper Can Large Language Models Understand Symbolic Graphics Programs? Qiu, Z., Liu, W., Feng, H., Liu, Z., Xiao, T. Z., Collins, K. M., Tenenbaum, J. B., Weller, A., Black, M. J., Schölkopf, B. The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), April 2025 (Published) arXiv Paper BibTeX
Empirical Inference Conference Paper Compositional simulation-based inference for time series Gloeckler*, M., Toyota*, S., Fukumizu, K., Macke, J. H. The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), April 2025 (Published) arXiv BibTeX
Empirical Inference Learning and Dynamical Systems Conference Paper Conformal Generative Modeling with Improved Sample Efficiency through Sequential Greedy Filtering Kladny, K., Schölkopf, B., Muehlebach, M. The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), April 2025 (Published) arXiv URL BibTeX
Empirical Inference Robust Machine Learning Conference Paper Cross-Entropy Is All You Need to Invert the Data Generating Process Reizinger*, P., Bizeul*, A., Juhos*, A., Vogt, J. E., Balestriero, R., Brendel, W., Klindt, D. The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), April 2025, *Joint first authorship (Published) arXiv BibTeX